Iowa - On Being in the Middle of the Road

The Tree in the Road

Photo Credit - © 2016, Christina McElmeel.

In the middle of the road in the middle of Iowa stands a 165+ year old Cottonwood tree.
At the intersection of 350th and 710th streets, stands a 100-foot-tall cottonwood tree, known today as the "Tree in the Road."  The tree stands on a road 1 mile north of I-80 part way between the Wiota and Anita exits (Iowa).
 
Legend has it the tree was planted about 165 years ago, a surveyor was marking the line between Audubon and Cass counties and only had a cottonwood sprout on hand.  Since 1890 spikes have commonly been used to mark boundary lines and survey points but this was around 1850, and Iowa had been a state for only a few short years.  (Iowa entered the union on Dec. 28, 1846). According to George E. Leigh "Today, a typical mark is a brass, bronze, or aluminum disk (or rod), but marks might also be prominent objects like water towers or church spires. Well into the 20th century, the Survey used an eclectic assortment of materials as survey marks, including earthenware cones, jars, bottles, and holes drilled into rock. One surveyor tells the story of recovering several beer bottles used as survey marks buried in the permafrost on Alaska's North Slope. So, while the "kitchen sink" may not have been used to mark surveys, bottles, jugs, pots, and more certainly were used!" (Leigh, 2007, pg. 1, para 4).  In this case the marker was a little sprout from a cottonwood tree.The sprout took root and grew into the massive tree it is today, becoming the intersection of the two roads.

According to Margee Shaffer, administrator for Audubon County Economic Development and Tourism, there is no evidence to prove anything - but the legend has been passed down over the years.

If you want to see the tree for yourself the GPS address to use is 350th Street, Brayton, Iowa.  At the intersection of Nighthawk Ave and 350th Street I-80 exit 70, turn right onto 750 Street Drive.  After approx. a quarter-mile turn left onto 340th Street Drive and drive about three miles.  Then turn left onto Nighthawk Avenue. Drive about a quarter-mile and you will reach the tree.

References:
Leigh, George E.  Bottles, Pots, & Pans? - Marking the Surveys of the U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey and NOAA.  National Geodetic Survey, n.d.   Note: This is a rather comprehensive history of survey markers and protocols of surveying. The author is a retired member of NOAA Corps.  The article is available as a PDF at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/about_ngs/history/Survey_Mark_History.pdf ).
Leigh, George E. Marking the Surveys — NOAA's Commemorative Marks.  National Geodetic Survey, 2007.  (WEB) http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa_documents/time_capsules/2007/disc_7/celebrating200years.noaa.gov/survey_marks/welcome.html.

At the intersection of Nighthawk Ave. and 350th St. I-80 exit 70. Turn right onto 750th St. Drive about a quarter-mile. Turn left onto 340th St. Drive about three miles. Turn left onto Nighthawk Ave. Drive about a quarter-mile and you'll reach the tree. - See more at: http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/8830#sthash.eiMt1yv5.dpuf

At the intersection of Nighthawk Ave. and 350th St. I-80 exit 70. Turn right onto 750th St. Drive about a quarter-mile. Turn left onto 340th St. Drive about three miles. Turn left onto Nighthawk Ave. Drive about a quarter-mile and you'll reach the tree. - See more at: http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/8830#sthash.eiMt1yv5.dpuf

At the intersection of Nighthawk Ave. and 350th St. I-80 exit 70. Turn right onto 750th St. Drive about a quarter-mile. Turn left onto 340th St. Drive about three miles. Turn left onto Nighthawk Ave. Drive about a quarter-mile and you'll reach the tree. - See more at: http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/8830#sthash.eiMt1yv5.dpuf

Quilts in Iowa

The state of Iowa emerged with statehood on December 28, 1846.  However settlers had begun to arrive in Iowa territory prior to that -- the period of time when the area was part of the Northwest territory.  President James K. Polk signed the law admitting Iowa as the 29th state of the Union.  There was a rich history of the plains as many Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans, along with Caddoan speaking tribes had inhabited the area since prehistoric times.  By the time white settlers began to move into the area the Meskwaki had claimed land in Iowa.  As pioneers began to settle in the mid-1800s, families settled onto the prairie, cleared the land, and began to cultivate the land.  The men and older children worked the fields and tended the animals, the women and younger children tended the home, the garden, and the fires to keep the homestead warm and as comfortable as possible.

One of the activities that occupied the pioneers/settlers, during the winter was making quilts.  Scraps of material were cut into shapes and pieced together to make colorful patterns.  Quilting bees (where a group of quilters would sit around a quilting rack and hand quilt the pieced quilt top to batting and the bottom layer) were held in churches, a neighbor's home, and so forth.Over time many quilts were made and shared.
The picture on the left was taken at the Laura Ingalls Wilder museum in Burr Oak, Iowa.  Laura and her parental family lived there (1876–1877) for a time and operated the town saloon which also took in overnight travelers. These quilts are period pieces that represent the type of quilt that might have been used in the 1870s.  (Read more about Wilder's days in Iowa here http://bit.ly/wilderiniowa).

Sometime in the mid-1900s the State Historical Society of Iowa joined a larger project to document the evolution of quilt making in the early days of the state ... and up through 1925.  Documentation for some of these quilts can be located at http://www.quiltindex.org/wiki/index.php/Iowa_Quilt_Research_Project

Check out the early quilts digitalized on the Quilt index website.  But even though the history here has a cut-off date of 1925 - that doesn't mean that quilting in Iowa is no longer active.  While there are many quilt collections included in this project (http://www.quiltindex.org/contributors.php) those that are associated directly with Iowa can be found at the State Historical Society of Iowa (http://www.quiltindex.org/contributor.php?kid=18-C5-0).
Among some of my favorites are these patterns:

Each of these quilts and others are shown - and details regarding year, quilter, and so forth are included on the Quilt Index website.
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Today quilting bees sometimes do take place - often in rural churches, the church ladies hand quilt quilt tops which are brought to them.  The quilts they hand quilt bring in needed funds to their small community.  But these days, many quilts are quilted by machine on contract by quilters who have a long-armed quilting machine in their home or small business location.  On April 15, 2016 a member of the East Iowa Heirloom Quilters, Jennifer McRae, showcased many of her quilts.  The showcase took place at the Hiawatha (Iowa) public library.  The quilts showcased were those that that McRae, her mother, or her daughter had pieced together -- and which McRae or her daughter had machine quilted.

These pictures are from the quilt showcase:

Thank you Jennifer McRae for sharing.  Many more examples of her quilting are showcased on My Dancing Needle webpage at http://mydancingneedle.com.

Those in the Cedar Rapids/Iowa City area may also be interested in investigating the East Iowa Heirloom Quilters group http://eihqguild.com.

References:

• Blaski, Steven. "Quilts Reveal Lives of Early Iowans," The Palimpsest: Iowa's Popular History Magazine. 1990 Spring 71(1); p 33.
• East Iowa Heirloom Quilters http://eihqguild.com
• Flanscha, Karan. "Heritage Quilts From America's Heartland: The Iowa Quilt Research Project," Lady's Circle Patchwork Quilts. April/May 1996; pgx. 5-12. 
• Iowa History: Bits and Pieces: Laura Ingalls WIlder - at home in Iowa. (2013 Sep 15).  Retrieved http://bit.ly/wilderiniowa. 
• My Dancing Needle.  (2016) http://mydancingneedle.com. 
• Schmeal, Jacqueline Andre. Patchwork: Iowa Quilts and Quilters. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2003. 158 p. 0877458650
• The Quilt Index - Collection: State Historical Society of Iowa.  Retrieved from http://www.quiltindex.org/contributor.php?kid=18-C5-0 
• The Quilt Research Project. Retrieved from  http://www.quiltindex.org/contributors.php.
• The Thread That Remains, Patterns From Iowa’s Past. Des Moines: Iowa Quilts Research Project, 1990. Small exhibit catalog.